Skill builder

How a modern scientists and one from the 1800s communicated their data with other scientists?

Modern scientists:

Publish In Journals
The main ways that scientists communicate research results is by publishing the results in journals. Journals are archived and can be read by other people in the future. Some journals are peer-reviewed, meaning they only publish articles that pass a certain standard of quality -- peer-reviewed journals are usually for a specific audience, such as other scientists. Publications give scientists the most long-lasting and widespread audience. A recent movement in journal publishing is called open-access. Open-access journals no longer charge readers with subscription fees, meaning anyone with Internet access can read these journals.

Present At Conferences
The second most common way for scientists to communicate their research results is to present the results at conferences. Conferences can range from several dozen attendees to tens of thousands of attendees. Conferences are places where scientists not only share their latest research findings, but also network with other scientists for the purposes of collaboration, or teamwork. They are also places where scientists share about research enigmas and get advice from each other about how to solve those problems. Conferences bring together scientists of all ages, allowing the younger scientists to connect with older, more established scientists.

Present At Universities
Research conferences vary in how often then occur, which can be once every few years to every few months. However, every weekday is an opportunity for scientists to be invited to present their research to university departments. University departments usually have many weekly seminars, in which scientists from universities, research institutions and companies are invited to speak. Each department of a university specializes in a specific discipline, which provides a smaller and more well-informed audience on the topic that is presented by the speaker.

Popular Media
Scientists not only want to inform their colleagues about their latest results, but may also want to communicate new data to the public. Popular media outlets are read by more people than peer-reviewed journals, and provide a wider audience. Magazines, such as Scientific American, and National Geographic; newspapers, such as The New York Times; and television stations, such as CNN, provide much more exposure than a peer-reviewed journals.

1800s:
Scientific meetings
Scientific meetings are one of the primary venues for scientists to present their new work to their colleagues with the purpose of receiving feedback at an early stage of their research, and thus they are an integral part of the process of science. They serve as an informal peer review that can help researchers to develop, clarify, and refine their work as they proceed to write it up and submit it for formal review and final publication. In addition, meetings allow researchers to hear about what others in their field and related disciplines are doing, talk with colleagues from different institutions around the world, and learn about new research, tools, and techniques that might be relevant to their work.

My Observation:
The technology brought many other ways to communicate the data to other scientists and to us.

In the 1800s they didnt have the technology we have now but they had ways to communicate.